Stage 1 Draft / July 10, 2026

Error code property

1 Error Objects

1.1 The Error Constructor

1.1.1 Error ( message [ , options ] )

This function performs the following steps when called:

  1. If NewTarget is undefined, let newTarget be the active function object; else let newTarget be NewTarget.
  2. Let O be ? OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor(newTarget, "%Error.prototype%", « [[ErrorData]] »).
  3. If message is not undefined, then
    1. Let msg be ? ToString(message).
    2. Perform CreateNonEnumerableDataPropertyOrThrow(O, "message", msg).
  4. Perform ? InstallErrorCause(O, options).
  5. Perform ? InstallErrorOwnProperties(O, options).
  6. Return O.

1.2 NativeError Object Structure

1.2.1 The NativeError Constructors

1.2.1.1 NativeError ( message [ , options ] )

Each NativeError function performs the following steps when called:

  1. If NewTarget is undefined, let newTarget be the active function object; else let newTarget be NewTarget.
  2. Let O be ? OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor(newTarget, "%NativeError.prototype%", « [[ErrorData]] »).
  3. If message is not undefined, then
    1. Let msg be ? ToString(message).
    2. Perform CreateNonEnumerableDataPropertyOrThrow(O, "message", msg).
  4. Perform ? InstallErrorCause(O, options).
  5. Perform ? InstallErrorOwnProperties(O, options).
  6. Return O.

1.3 AggregateError Objects

1.3.1 The AggregateError Constructor

1.3.1.1 AggregateError ( errors, message [ , options ] )

This function performs the following steps when called:

  1. If NewTarget is undefined, let newTarget be the active function object; else let newTarget be NewTarget.
  2. Let O be ? OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor(newTarget, "%AggregateError.prototype%", « [[ErrorData]] »).
  3. If message is not undefined, then
    1. Let msg be ? ToString(message).
    2. Perform CreateNonEnumerableDataPropertyOrThrow(O, "message", msg).
  4. Perform ? InstallErrorCause(O, options).
  5. Perform ? InstallErrorOwnProperties(O, options).
  6. Let errorsList be ? IteratorToList(? GetIterator(errors, sync)).
  7. Perform ! DefinePropertyOrThrow(O, "errors", PropertyDescriptor { [[Configurable]]: true, [[Enumerable]]: false, [[Writable]]: true, [[Value]]: CreateArrayFromList(errorsList) }).
  8. Return O.

1.4 SuppressedError Objects

1.4.1 The SuppressedError Constructor

1.4.1.1 SuppressedError ( error, suppressed, message [ , options ] )

This function performs the following steps when called:

  1. If NewTarget is undefined, let newTarget be the active function object; else let newTarget be NewTarget.
  2. Let O be ? OrdinaryCreateFromConstructor(newTarget, "%SuppressedError.prototype%", « [[ErrorData]] »).
  3. If message is not undefined, then
    1. Let messageString be ? ToString(message).
    2. Perform CreateNonEnumerableDataPropertyOrThrow(O, "message", messageString).
  4. Perform ? InstallErrorCause(O, options).
  5. Perform ? InstallErrorOwnProperties(O, options).
  6. Perform CreateNonEnumerableDataPropertyOrThrow(O, "error", error).
  7. Perform CreateNonEnumerableDataPropertyOrThrow(O, "suppressed", suppressed).
  8. Return O.

1.5 Abstract Operations for Error Objects

1.5.1 InstallErrorOwnProperties ( O, options )

The abstract operation InstallErrorOwnProperties takes arguments O (an Object) and options (an ECMAScript language value) and returns either a normal completion containing unused or a throw completion.

It is used to create "cause" and "code" properties on O when the corresponding properties are present on options.

It performs the following steps when called:

  1. If options is an Object, then
    1. If ? HasProperty(options, "cause") is true, then
      1. Let cause be ? Get(options, "cause").
      2. Perform CreateNonEnumerableDataPropertyOrThrow(O, "cause", cause).
    2. If ? HasProperty(options, "code") is true, then
      1. Let code be ? Get(options, "code").
      2. Perform CreateNonEnumerableDataPropertyOrThrow(O, "code", code).
  2. Return unused.

Copyright & Software License

Software License

All Software contained in this document ("Software") is protected by copyright and is being made available under the "BSD License", included below. This Software may be subject to third party rights (rights from parties other than Ecma International), including patent rights, and no licenses under such third party rights are granted under this license even if the third party concerned is a member of Ecma International. SEE THE ECMA CODE OF CONDUCT IN PATENT MATTERS AVAILABLE AT https://ecma-international.org/memento/codeofconduct.htm FOR INFORMATION REGARDING THE LICENSING OF PATENT CLAIMS THAT ARE REQUIRED TO IMPLEMENT ECMA INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  3. Neither the name of the authors nor Ecma International may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE ECMA INTERNATIONAL "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL ECMA INTERNATIONAL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.